Objective: Predictive scores are important tools for stratifying patients based on their risk of future vascular events and for selecting preventive therapies. The aim of this study is to validate the Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS) for stratifying stroke recurrence in different subtypes of non-atrial fibrillation ischemic stroke in a large Chinese cohort. Methods: Data were derived from the Blood pressure and clinical Outcome in Stroke Survivors registry, which includes a cohort of 2204 stroke patients. All patients were further classified according to the TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) criteria. We stratified one-year cumulative rates for stroke and composite vascular events using the ESRS. The predictive power of the ESRS was assessed using the area under the receiver-operator curves (AUC). Results: Among 1699 patients included in the study, the AUC of ESRS was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.52-0.64) for recurrent stroke, whereas 0.59 (95% CI: 0.53-0.64) for composite vascular events at 1year. In patients with large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) subtype of stroke, the AUC of ESRS was both 0.61 (95% CI: 0.54-0.68) for recurrent stroke and composite vascular events. However, no significant AUC was observed in patients with small-artery occlusion subtype of stroke. Conclusions: In patients with LAA subtype of non-atrial fibrillation stroke, the ESRS has moderate accuracy in stratifying the risk of both recurrent strokes and major vascular events within the first year. However, the ESRS couldn't accurately stratify the risk of recurrent strokes in patients with small-artery atherosclerosis subtype of non-atrial fibrillation stroke.